Excavator Service & Shop Manual: How does the hydraulic system work?
Are you struggling with slow hydraulic cycle times, swing motor drift, or track tensioner failures? This professional How does the hydraulic system work? is the definitive technical resource for excavator mechanics. It provides schematic-based diagnostics, boom and arm cylinder repair steps, and precise OEM pressure settings to restore your machine's digging force and operational efficiency.
- Specialized Category: EXCAVATOR REPAIR & SERVICE MANUALS
- System Coverage: Full shop data for the How does the hydraulic system work?. Optimized for crawler and wheeled excavators, covering pilot control systems, high-pressure common rail (HPCR) engines, and multi-function valve bank adjustments.
- Document Specs: Factory Workshop Manual, Searchable PDF Format, High-Resolution Hydraulic & Electric Diagrams.
Core Excavator Workshop Content:
- Hydraulic Cycle Tests: Performance Specs
- Swing System: Motor & Bearing Repair
- Control Valves: Spool & Relief Settings
- Undercarriage: Final Drive & Track Tension
- Engine Service: Overhaul & Torque Specs
- Boom & Arm: Cylinder Rebuild Procedures
- Troubleshooting: Step-by-Step Fault Finding
- Electrical: Controller & Harness Wiring
Minimize downtime with the correct excavator factory service data. Explore our Excavator department for more technical shop manuals.
Hydraulic system excavator
How does the hydraulic system work?
Power Generation: The hydraulic pump, powered by the excavator’s engine, draws hydraulic fluid from the reservoir and pressurizes it.
Fluid Distribution: Pressurized hydraulic fluid is directed through hoses and tubing to control valves.
Control: The operator manipulates control levers or joysticks to open or close control valves, directing the flow of hydraulic fluid to the desired hydraulic cylinders or motors.
Actuation:
Hydraulic Cylinders: When fluid is directed into a cylinder, it pushes the piston inside, causing the cylinder to extend or retract. This movement is used to raise or lower the boom, arm, or bucket.
Hydraulic Motors: When fluid is directed into a motor, it causes the motor to rotate. This rotation can drive the excavator’s tracks or operate a rotary attachment.
Work Execution: The force generated by the hydraulic cylinders and motors is used to perform various tasks such as digging, lifting, or moving materials.
How does the hydraulic system work?
Fluid Return: After performing work, the hydraulic fluid returns to the reservoir through return lines, passing through filters to remove any contaminants before re-entering the system.
Key Functions
Boom Movement: Hydraulic cylinders control the raising and lowering of the boom.
Arm Movement: Hydraulic cylinders extend or retract the arm.
Bucket Movement: Hydraulic cylinders tilt the bucket for scooping or dumping materials.
Swing: Hydraulic motors enable the cab and boom to rotate.
Travel: Hydraulic motors drive the tracks, allowing the excavator to move.
Safety Features
Pressure Relief Valves: Protect the system from overpressure, which could cause damage or failure.
Check Valves: Prevent the backflow of fluid, ensuring consistent pressure and operation.
Filters: Ensure the hydraulic fluid remains clean, preventing damage to components.
Understanding the hydraulic system’s operation is essential for maintaining the excavator’s performance and ensuring safe, efficient work. Regular maintenance, such as checking fluid levels, replacing filters, and inspecting hoses, is crucial to keep the system running smoothly.